Filtering audio-based interference from voice commands using natural language processing

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes: receiving a complex audio signal which includes an intended audio signal and at least one interfering audio signal. The complex audio signal is converted into text which represents a plurality of words included in the complex audio signal, and at least some of the text is identified as representing words which correspond to the at least one interfering audio signal. The identified text is discarded, and a remaining portion of the text is evaluated to determine whether the remaining portion of the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in a predetermined range. Furthermore, the remaining portion of the text is output in response to determining that the remaining portion of the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in the predetermined range.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to signal processing, and morespecifically, this invention relates to filtering audio-basedinterference from voice commands.

An increasing number of electrical based products supportvoice-activated functionality, thereby allowing users to initiate actionsimply by vocalizing their intent. As a result, users are able tointeract with these voice-activated products without providing anyphysical inputs, such as pressing buttons, flipping switches, or evenusing a touch screen. Initial voice-activated products were limited inthe number and complexity of functions they were able to provide.However, as this technology continues to advance, so does the intricacyof the functions that voice-activated products are able to perform fortheir users.

As a result, voice-activated products continue to be exposed to newarrays of audible inputs having varied complexity. The frequency atwhich voice commands are received from users also continues to increase.Further still, the increased intricacy of supported functions hasintroduced voice-activated products to a greater number of environmentalsettings. Accordingly, the amount and type of background noise thatvoice-activated products are forced to distinguish from actual voicecommands has intensified as well.

SUMMARY

A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes:receiving a complex audio signal which includes an intended audio signaland at least one interfering audio signal. The intended audio signal isalso a voice-based command originating from a user. The complex audiosignal is converted into text which represents a plurality of wordsincluded in the complex audio signal, and at least some of the text isidentified as representing words which correspond to the at least oneinterfering audio signal. The identified text is discarded, and aremaining portion of the text is evaluated to determine whether theremaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is in a predetermined range.Furthermore, the remaining portion of the text is output in response todetermining that the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in thepredetermined range.

A computer program product, according to another embodiment, includes acomputer readable storage medium having program instructions embodiedtherewith. The computer readable storage medium is not a transitorysignal per se. Moreover, the program instructions are readable and/orexecutable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a methodwhich includes: receiving, by the processor, a complex audio signalwhich includes an intended audio signal and at least one interferingaudio signal. The intended audio signal is also a voice-based commandoriginating from a user. Furthermore, the complex audio signal isconverted, by the processor, into text which represents a plurality ofwords included in the complex audio signal, and at least some of thetext is identified, by the processor, as representing words whichcorrespond to the at least one interfering audio signal. The identifiedtext discarded, by the processor, and a remaining portion of the text isevaluated, by the processor, to determine whether the remaining portionof the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in a predetermined range. Moreover, the remainingportion of the text is output, by the processor, in response todetermining that the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in thepredetermined range.

A system, according to yet another embodiment, includes: a processor;and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, orintegrated with and executable by the processor. The logic is configuredto: receive, by the processor, a complex audio signal; and convert, bythe processor, the complex audio signal into text which represents aplurality of words included in the complex audio signal. The complexaudio signal includes an intended audio signal and at least oneinterfering audio signal. Moreover, the intended audio signal is avoice-based command originating from a user. At least some of the textis identified, by the processor, as representing words which correspondto the at least one interfering audio signal; and the identified text isdiscarded, by the processor. A remaining portion of the text isevaluated, by the processor, to determine whether the remaining portionof the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in a predetermined range; and the remaining portion ofthe text is output, by the processor, in response to determining thatthe remaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is in the predetermined range.Furthermore, outputting the remaining portion of the text includes:selecting a known command which matches the remaining portion of thetext most closely, and outputting the known command.

Other aspects and embodiments of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken inconjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example theprinciples of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a network architecture, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 2 shows a representative hardware environment that may beassociated with the servers and/or clients of FIG. 1, in accordance withone embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates a tiered data storage system in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a partial representational view of a system in accordance withone embodiment.

FIG. 5A is a flowchart of a method in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5B is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 5A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5C is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 5A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5D is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 5A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6A is a flowchart of a method in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6B is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 6A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6C is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 6A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6D is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 6A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6E is a flowchart of sub-processes for one of the operations in themethod of FIG. 6A, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method in accordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is made for the purpose of illustrating thegeneral principles of the present invention and is not meant to limitthe inventive concepts claimed herein. Further, particular featuresdescribed herein can be used in combination with other describedfeatures in each of the various possible combinations and permutations.

Unless otherwise specifically defined herein, all terms are to be giventheir broadest possible interpretation including meanings implied fromthe specification as well as meanings understood by those skilled in theart and/or as defined in dictionaries, treatises, etc.

It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and theappended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include pluralreferents unless otherwise specified. It will be further understood thatthe terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The following description discloses several preferred embodiments ofsystems, methods and computer program products for removing backgroundnoise from received audio signals at a level of accuracy and efficiencywhich has not been conventionally achievable. As a result, the accuracyby which user-based commands may ultimately be satisfied issignificantly increased. Moreover, these improvements are achievedwithout introducing any processing delay into the process ofinterpreting received audio signals. These achievements may also beimplemented in a number of different contextual settings (e.g., systemarchitectures), thereby increasing the breadth over which theimprovements are experienced. For instance, some of the embodimentsincluded herein may be implemented in a cloud-based system which is ableto provide improved performance to a plurality of users in a pluralityof different locations, e.g., as will be described in further detailbelow.

In one general embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes:receiving a complex audio signal which includes an intended audio signaland at least one interfering audio signal. The intended audio signal isalso a voice-based command originating from a user. The complex audiosignal is converted into text which represents a plurality of wordsincluded in the complex audio signal, and at least some of the text isidentified as representing words which correspond to the at least oneinterfering audio signal. The identified text is discarded, and aremaining portion of the text is evaluated to determine whether theremaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is in a predetermined range.Furthermore, the remaining portion of the text is output in response todetermining that the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in thepredetermined range.

In another general embodiment, a computer program product includes acomputer readable storage medium having program instructions embodiedtherewith. The computer readable storage medium is not a transitorysignal per se. Moreover, the program instructions are readable and/orexecutable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a methodwhich includes: receiving, by the processor, a complex audio signalwhich includes an intended audio signal and at least one interferingaudio signal. The intended audio signal is also a voice-based commandoriginating from a user. Furthermore, the complex audio signal isconverted, by the processor, into text which represents a plurality ofwords included in the complex audio signal, and at least some of thetext is identified, by the processor, as representing words whichcorrespond to the at least one interfering audio signal. The identifiedtext discarded, by the processor, and a remaining portion of the text isevaluated, by the processor, to determine whether the remaining portionof the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in a predetermined range. Moreover, the remainingportion of the text is output, by the processor, in response todetermining that the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in thepredetermined range.

In yet another general embodiment, a system includes: a processor; andlogic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, orintegrated with and executable by the processor. The logic is configuredto: receive, by the processor, a complex audio signal; and convert, bythe processor, the complex audio signal into text which represents aplurality of words included in the complex audio signal. The complexaudio signal includes an intended audio signal and at least oneinterfering audio signal. Moreover, the intended audio signal is avoice-based command originating from a user. At least some of the textis identified, by the processor, as representing words which correspondto the at least one interfering audio signal; and the identified text isdiscarded, by the processor. A remaining portion of the text isevaluated, by the processor, to determine whether the remaining portionof the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in a predetermined range; and the remaining portion ofthe text is output, by the processor, in response to determining thatthe remaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is in the predetermined range.Furthermore, outputting the remaining portion of the text includes:selecting a known command which matches the remaining portion of thetext most closely, and outputting the known command.

FIG. 1 illustrates an architecture 100, in accordance with oneembodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of remote networks 102 areprovided including a first remote network 104 and a second remotenetwork 106. A gateway 101 may be coupled between the remote networks102 and a proximate network 108. In the context of the presentarchitecture 100, the networks 104, 106 may each take any formincluding, but not limited to a local area network (LAN), a wide areanetwork (WAN) such as the Internet, public switched telephone network(PSTN), internal telephone network, etc.

In use, the gateway 101 serves as an entrance point from the remotenetworks 102 to the proximate network 108. As such, the gateway 101 mayfunction as a router, which is capable of directing a given packet ofdata that arrives at the gateway 101, and a switch, which furnishes theactual path in and out of the gateway 101 for a given packet.

Further included is at least one data server 114 coupled to theproximate network 108, and which is accessible from the remote networks102 via the gateway 101. It should be noted that the data server(s) 114may include any type of computing device/groupware. Coupled to each dataserver 114 is a plurality of user devices 116. User devices 116 may alsobe connected directly through one of the networks 104, 106, 108. Suchuser devices 116 may include a desktop computer, lap-top computer,hand-held computer, printer or any other type of logic. It should benoted that a user device 111 may also be directly coupled to any of thenetworks, in one embodiment.

A peripheral 120 or series of peripherals 120, e.g., facsimile machines,printers, networked and/or local storage units or systems, etc., may becoupled to one or more of the networks 104, 106, 108. It should be notedthat databases and/or additional components may be utilized with, orintegrated into, any type of network element coupled to the networks104, 106, 108. In the context of the present description, a networkelement may refer to any component of a network.

According to some approaches, methods and systems described herein maybe implemented with and/or on virtual systems and/or systems whichemulate one or more other systems, such as a UNIX system which emulatesan IBM z/OS environment, a UNIX system which virtually hosts a MICROSOFTWINDOWS environment, a MICROSOFT WINDOWS system which emulates an IBMz/OS environment, etc. This virtualization and/or emulation may beenhanced through the use of VMWARE software, in some embodiments.

In more approaches, one or more networks 104, 106, 108, may represent acluster of systems commonly referred to as a “cloud.” In cloudcomputing, shared resources, such as processing power, peripherals,software, data, servers, etc., are provided to any system in the cloudin an on-demand relationship, thereby allowing access and distributionof services across many computing systems. Cloud computing typicallyinvolves an Internet connection between the systems operating in thecloud, but other techniques of connecting the systems may also be used.

FIG. 2 shows a representative hardware environment associated with auser device 116 and/or server 114 of FIG. 1, in accordance with oneembodiment. Such figure illustrates a typical hardware configuration ofa workstation having a central processing unit 210, such as amicroprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via a systembus 212.

The workstation shown in FIG. 2 includes a Random Access Memory (RAM)214, Read Only Memory (ROM) 216, an input/output (I/O) adapter 218 forconnecting peripheral devices such as disk storage units 220 to the bus212, a user interface adapter 222 for connecting a keyboard 224, a mouse226, a speaker 228, a microphone 232, and/or other user interfacedevices such as a touch screen and a digital camera (not shown) to thebus 212, communication adapter 234 for connecting the workstation to acommunication network 235 (e.g., a data processing network) and adisplay adapter 236 for connecting the bus 212 to a display device 238.

The workstation may have resident thereon an operating system such asthe Microsoft Windows® Operating System (OS), a MAC OS, a UNIX OS, etc.It will be appreciated that a preferred embodiment may also beimplemented on platforms and operating systems other than thosementioned. A preferred embodiment may be written using eXtensible MarkupLanguage (XML), C, and/or C++ language, or other programming languages,along with an object oriented programming methodology. Object orientedprogramming (OOP), which has become increasingly used to develop complexapplications, may be used.

The type and/or organization of memory which is implemented at variouslocations of a storage architecture to store data may vary depending onthe desired approach. For instance, in some approaches the memoryimplemented at a node of the storage architecture may include a singledrive of a single type of memory, multiple drives of the same type ofmemory, multiple drives having different types of memory, etc. Accordingto an illustrative approach, the memory implemented at a node of astorage architecture may include multiple drives of different types ofmemory, the multiple drives being organized in a multi-tiered storagesystem embodiment. For instance, referring to FIG. 3, a multi-tiereddata storage system 300 is shown according to one embodiment. Note thatsome of the elements shown in FIG. 3 may be implemented as hardwareand/or software, according to various embodiments.

The storage system 300 is depicted as including a storage system manager312 which may be used to communicate with a plurality of media and/ordrives on at least one higher storage tier 302 and at least one lowerstorage tier 306. The higher storage tier(s) 302 preferably may includeone or more random access and/or direct access media 304, such as harddisks in hard disk drives (HDDs), nonvolatile memory (NVM), solid statememory in solid state drives (SSDs), flash memory, SSD arrays, flashmemory arrays, etc., and/or others noted herein or known in the art. Thelower storage tier(s) 306 may preferably include one or more lowerperforming storage media 308, including sequential access media such asmagnetic tape in tape drives and/or optical media, slower accessingHDDs, slower accessing SSDs, etc., and/or others noted herein or knownin the art. One or more additional storage tiers 316 may include anycombination of storage memory media as desired by a designer of thesystem 300. Also, any of the higher storage tiers 302 and/or the lowerstorage tiers 306 may include some combination of storage devices and/orstorage media.

The storage system manager 312 may communicate with the drives and/orstorage media 304, 308 on the higher storage tier(s) 302 and lowerstorage tier(s) 306 through a network 310, such as a storage areanetwork (SAN), as shown in FIG. 3, or some other suitable network type.The storage system manager 312 may also communicate with one or morehost systems (not shown) through a host interface 314, which may or maynot be a part of the storage system manager 312. The storage systemmanager 312 and/or any other component of the storage system 300 may beimplemented in hardware and/or software, and may make use of a processor(not shown) for executing commands of a type known in the art, such as acentral processing unit (CPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA),an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. Of course, anyarrangement of a storage system may be used, as will be apparent tothose of skill in the art upon reading the present description.

In more embodiments, the storage system 300 may include any number ofdata storage tiers, and may include the same or different storage memorymedia within each storage tier. For example, each data storage tier mayinclude the same type of storage memory media, such as HDDs, SSDs,sequential access media (tape in tape drives, optical disc in opticaldisc drives, etc.), direct access media (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc.), or anycombination of media storage types. In one such configuration, a higherstorage tier 302, may include a majority of SSD storage media forstoring data in a higher performing storage environment, and remainingstorage tiers, including lower storage tier 306 and additional storagetiers 316 may include any combination of SSDs, HDDs, tape drives, etc.,for storing data in a lower performing storage environment. In this way,more frequently accessed data, data having a higher priority, dataneeding to be accessed more quickly, etc., may be stored to the higherstorage tier 302, while data not having one of these attributes may bestored to the additional storage tiers 316, including lower storage tier306. Of course, one of skill in the art, upon reading the presentdescriptions, may devise many other combinations of storage media typesto implement into different storage schemes, according to theembodiments presented herein.

According to some embodiments, the storage system (such as 300) mayinclude logic configured to receive a request to open a data set, logicconfigured to determine if the requested data set is stored to a lowerstorage tier 306 of a tiered data storage system 300 in multipleassociated portions, logic configured to move each associated portion ofthe requested data set to a higher storage tier 302 of the tiered datastorage system 300, and logic configured to assemble the requested dataset on the higher storage tier 302 of the tiered data storage system 300from the associated portions. Of course, this logic may be implementedas a method on any device and/or system or as a computer programproduct, according to various embodiments.

As previously mentioned, an increasing number of electrical basedproducts support voice-activated functionality, thereby allowing usersto initiate action simply by vocalizing their intent. However, as thistechnology continues to advance, so does the intricacy of the functionsthat voice-activated products are able to perform for their users. As aresult, voice-activated products continue to be exposed to new arrays ofaudible inputs having varied complexity. Further still, the increasedintricacy of supported functions has introduced voice-activated productsto a greater number of environmental settings, thereby increasing theamount and type of background noise that voice-activated products areforced to distinguish from actual voice commands.

Conventional voice-activated products have proven to be particularlysusceptible to background noise and have experienced a significantreduction in the effectiveness by which incoming audible signals areinterpreted as a result. This is particularly undesirable in the realmof voice-activated functionality, as misinterpreted instructions oftenlead to an inability to respond, or even unintended actions beingexecuted.

In sharp contrast to the foregoing shortcomings experienced byconventional voice-activated products, various ones of the embodimentsincluded herein are able to achieve significant improvements to thefiltering of audio-based interference from voice commands. As a result,some of the embodiments described below are able to increase theefficiency and accuracy by which voice commands are interpreted. Thisalso directly causes improvements to the efficiency by whichvoice-activated products are able to operate, thereby providing a uniquesolution to an existing issue prevalent in conventional products, e.g.,as will be described in further detail below.

Looking to FIG. 4, a system 400 is illustrated in accordance with oneembodiment. As an option, the present system 400 may be implemented inconjunction with features from any other embodiment listed herein, suchas those described with reference to the other FIGS. However, suchsystem 400 and others presented herein may be used in variousapplications and/or in permutations which may or may not be specificallydescribed in the illustrative embodiments listed herein. Further, thesystem 400 presented herein may be used in any desired environment. ThusFIG. 4 (and the other FIGS.) may be deemed to include any possiblepermutation.

As shown, the system 400 includes a user integrated device 402 havingvoice-activated capabilities, which is connected to a processinglocation 404 through a network 406. It should be noted that the userintegrated device 402 and/or the processing location 404 may beconnected to the network 406 using a wireless connection, e.g., WiFi,Bluetooth, a cellular network, etc.; a wired connection, e.g., a cable,a fiber-optic link, a wire, etc.; etc., or any other type of connectionwhich would be apparent to one skilled in the art after reading thepresent description. Moreover, the network 406 may be of any desiredtype, e.g., such as a SAN, LAN, WAN, etc. Accordingly, one or more userintegrated devices 402 may be coupled to a processing location 404 by acloud-based architecture. Moreover, this cloud-based relationship may beapplied to any of the approaches described and/or suggested herein,e.g., as would be appreciated by one skilled in the art after readingthe present description.

Looking to the user integrated device 402, a microphone 408 and aspeaker 410 are coupled to a controller 412. The microphone 408 may becapable of detecting and receiving audible signals having a variety ofdifferent frequencies, e.g., as would be appreciated by one skilled inthe art. In some approaches, the microphone 408 may be limited todetecting audible signals which are in a frequency range that humans areable to hear and/or produce, e.g., while speaking. According to anexample, which is in no way intended to limit the invention, themicrophone 408 may be limited to detecting audible signals which are ina frequency range of about 20 Hertz (Hz) to about 20 kHz, but may beable to detect audible signals having higher and/or lower frequenciesdepending on the desired approach. The microphone 408 is also preferablyable to convert received audible signals into electrical audio signalswhich may be sent to the controller 412, e.g., as would be appreciatedby one skilled in the art.

The speaker 410 is preferably able to produce audible signals of varyingfrequency. Accordingly, the speaker 410 may be able to output anydesired type of audible signal, e.g., such as automated speech in orderto interact with a user, music, notifications, interactive feedback,etc. The audible signals output by the speaker 410 may correspond toelectrical audio signals received from the controller 412. Accordingly,the speaker 410 may be able to convert electrical audio signals intoaudible signals, e.g., as would be appreciated by one skilled in theart.

The controller 412 is further coupled to an antenna 414 which may beused to connect the user integrated device 402 to the network 406.However, it should be noted that in some approaches the user integrateddevice 402 may be connected to the network 406 by one or more physicalelectrical connections as noted above.

Looking to the processing location 404, an antenna 416 may be used toreceive signals, data, commands, requests, etc. from a variety of othercomponents which may be connected to the network 406, e.g., such as theuser integrated device 402. Accordingly, the antenna 416 may also beused to send (e.g., transmit) signals, data, commands, requests, etc. toany of the other components which may be connected to the network 406,e.g., such as the user integrated device 402.

The antenna 416 is coupled to a controller 418, which in turn is coupledto a plurality of memory components 420 in a storage array 422.Accordingly, the controller 418 may read data from and/or write data toany of the memory components 420 in the storage array 422. Moreover, thememory components 420 may include any desired type of memory, e.g., suchas SSDs, HDDs, magnetic tape libraries, etc., and/or combinationsthereof. Moreover, although only one storage array 422 is illustrated inthe present embodiment, it should be noted that any number of differentstorage arrays may be implemented, e.g., as a portion of a multi-tieredstorage system (e.g., as seen in FIG. 3 above).

It follows that the controller 418 may be used to process audio signalsreceived by the user integrated device 402 and provide outputs whichcorrespond to the received signals. However, the audio signals receivedby the controller 418 may be complex in that they include noise inaddition to an intended audio signal. Accordingly, the controller 418 ispreferably able to implement a variety of signal processing procedureswhich preferably filter out the noise from these complex audio signals,e.g., such as those described in methods 500, 600, and 700 below.

Referring now to FIG. 5A, a flowchart of a method 500 for processingcomplex audio signals is shown according to one embodiment. The method500 may be performed in accordance with the present invention in any ofthe environments depicted in FIGS. 1-4, among others, in variousembodiments. Of course, more or less operations than those specificallydescribed in FIG. 5A may be included in method 500, as would beunderstood by one of skill in the art upon reading the presentdescriptions.

Each of the steps of the method 500 may be performed by any suitablecomponent of the operating environment. For example, one or more of thevarious processes included in method 500 may be performed by thecontroller 418 of FIG. 4. However, in various other embodiments, themethod 500 may be partially or entirely performed by a controller, aprocessor, a computer, etc., or some other device having one or moreprocessors therein. Thus, in some embodiments, method 500 may be acomputer-implemented method. In such embodiments, the computer used toimplement the method may include the tape drive itself or a portionthereof such as the controller, the tape, an external host, a server,etc. Moreover, the terms computer, processor and controller may be usedinterchangeably with regards to any of the embodiments herein, suchcomponents being considered equivalents in the many various permutationsof the present invention.

Moreover, for those embodiments having a processor, the processor, e.g.,processing circuit(s), chip(s), and/or module(s) implemented in hardwareand/or software, and preferably having at least one hardware componentmay be utilized in any device to perform one or more steps of the method500. Illustrative processors include, but are not limited to, a centralprocessing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc., combinationsthereof, or any other suitable computing device known in the art.

As shown in FIG. 5A, operation 502 of method 500 includes receiving acomplex audio signal which includes an intended audio signal and atleast one interfering audio signal. According to some approaches, thecomplex audio signal may be received from a user integrated device,e.g., such as that illustrated in FIG. 4 above. Accordingly, theintended audio signal may be a voice-based audio command whichoriginated from a user which interacted with (spoken within range of)the user integrated device.

Moreover, operation 504 includes converting the complex audio signalinto text which represents a plurality of words included in the complexaudio signal. In other words, operation 504 includes converting thecomplex audio signal from the “audio domain” into the “word domain” suchthat the complex audio signal is represented as text, or equivalentforms of information, e.g., such as logical “1s” and “0s”. It should benoted that, according to the present description, the “audio domain” mayessentially correspond to situations in which an audio signal (e.g., theinput) is represented as a series of audio waves. In other words, thecomplex audio signal may be represented by one or more analog and/ordigital representations of the identified audio signals. However, the“word domain” may correspond to a situation in which an audio signalrepresented in the audio domain is converted into text which representsa set of words, e.g., by using speech-to-text algorithms as will bedescribed in further detail below. According to various approaches, theconversion performed in operation 504 may be performed using any desiredspoken language parsing techniques known in the art.

Operation 506 further includes identifying at least some of the text asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal. It follows that operation 506 involves identifying theportions of the text which do not represent the intended audio signal.Moreover, by removing these identified portions, method 500 is able toachieve a better interpretation of the intended audio signal, e.g., aswill be described in further detail below.

Identifying portions of the text which do not represent the intendedaudio signal may be achieved in a number of different ways. For example,some approaches may identify these portions of the text by applying oneor more natural language processing techniques to the text. These one ormore natural language processing techniques may desirably be able toidentify which portions of the text correspond to the intended audiosignal (e.g., voice-based command), and which portions of the textcorrespond to the at least one interfering audio signal (e.g.,background noise). Referring momentarily to FIGS. 5B-5D, exemplarysub-processes of several natural language processing techniques areillustrated in accordance with one embodiment, one or more of which maybe used to perform operation 506 of FIG. 5A. However, it should be notedthat the sub-processes included in each of FIGS. 5B-5D are illustratedin accordance with different embodiments respectively, which are in noway intended to limit the invention.

Looking first to FIG. 5B, applying a natural language processingtechnique to the text includes comparing the text to known voice-basedcommands. See sub-operation 550. In other words, sub-operation 550includes comparing the text to a set of known or previously loggedcommands which may be stored in memory. According to some approaches,this comparison may be performed by applying a clustering algorithm,such as the k-nearest neighbors algorithm, to the text, e.g., as wouldbe appreciated by one skilled in the art after reading the presentdescription. However, other types of instance-based learning functionsor classification functions may be applied to the text depending on thedesired approach.

Referring still to FIG. 5B, sub-operation 552 includes detecting matches(e.g., similarities) between portions of the text and the knownvoice-based commands which the text is being compared to. It followsthat the manner in which matches are detected in sub-operation 552 maydepend, at least somewhat, on the process(es) implemented insub-operation 550 to compare the text to known voice-based commands. Forinstance, in some approaches detecting the matches in sub-operation 552may include evaluating an outcome of an instance-based learning function(e.g., k-nearest neighbors algorithm) which was applied to the text.

Moreover, sub-operation 554 includes identifying the remaining textwhich does not match any of the known voice-based commands asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal. In other words, the text identified as corresponding toknown voice-based commands may be interpreted as being associated withthe intended audio signal. Accordingly, any remaining text which did notmatch the known voice-based commands may be identified as beingassociated with the at least one interfering audio signal.

Accordingly, the sub-processes included in FIG. 5B may be able toidentify portions of the text which represent words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal. As mentioned above, thisidentified text may be removed from the complex audio signal received,thereby providing a better understanding of the intended audio signaland improving performance, e.g., as will be described in further detailbelow.

Looking now to FIG. 5C, sub-operation 560 includes comparing the text toa grammatical template, while sub-operation 562 includes detectingportions of the text which comply with the grammatical template. Agrammatical template may provide a general structure which describes thedifferent segments that are typically included in voice-based commands.Thus, a grammatical template may assist in identifying portions of thetext which are aligned with the structure of a voice-based command, andwhich portions differ therefrom.

According to an example, which is in no way intended to limit theinvention, a grammatical template which represents the differentsegments typically included in a voice-based command may be as follows:<action> <noun> <location>. Thus, the text may be compared to theforegoing grammatical template in order to identify words which conveyan action, followed by words which are nouns, and finally words whichidentify a location. The text identified as representing these types ofwords in this order may thereby be identified as corresponding to theintended audio signal, while the remaining text which does not comply(e.g., match) the grammatical template may be identified ascorresponding to the at least one interfering audio signal. Accordingly,sub-operation 564 includes identifying the remaining text which does notcomply with the grammatical template as representing words whichcorrespond to the at least one interfering audio signal.

It should be noted that more than one grammatical template may beapplied to the text, e.g., in order to filter the text in greaterdetail. Moreover, natural language understanding processes (e.g., suchas Bluemix available from IBM having a sales address at 1 New OrchardRoad, Armonk, N.Y. 10504) may also be applied to the text in order tofurther identify concepts, semantic roles, parts of speech, etc., whichmay further improve the accuracy by which the text may be compared(e.g., mapped) to one or more grammatical templates. Accordingly,natural language understanding processes may optionally be implementedin the flowchart of FIG. 5C in some approaches.

Other types of templates which would be apparent to one skilled in theart after reading the present description may also be applied to thetext in other approaches. For instance, the text identified as matchingthe grammatical template in sub-operation 562 may further be evaluatedin some approaches. According to some approaches, the portions of thetext which are detected as complying with the grammatical template maybe compared to a database of commands. The database may includepreviously received commands, frequent commands, commands associatedwith metadata corresponding to the complex audio signal (e.g., a time ofday, geographic location, synced calendar information, etc.). Results ofthe comparison may be evaluated, and those which are determined as beinga most likely (e.g., closest) match may be identified as representingwords which correspond to the intended audio signal. However, it shouldalso be noted that in some approaches a database of known, reoccurring,user-identified, predicted, etc. interfering audio signals may be usedto identify portions of the text which correspond to the one or moreinterfering audio signals. Moreover, these identified portions of theone or more interfering audio signals may be used to deduce whichportions of the text correspond to the intended audio signal, e.g., aswould be appreciated by one skilled in the art after reading the presentdescription.

Accordingly, the sub-processes included in FIG. 5C may be able toidentify portions of the text which represent words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal. As mentioned above, thisidentified text may be removed from the complex audio signal received,thereby providing a better understanding of the intended audio signaland improving performance, e.g., as will be described in further detailbelow.

Moving to FIG. 5D, the flowchart includes applying heuristic algorithmsto detect text which represents uncommon words. See sub-operation 570.In some approaches, sub-operation 570 may be performed by using theheuristic algorithms to compare the text to a word bank. The word bankmay include a plurality of words which are used (e.g., received anddetected) frequently enough that they are considered to be “common”, atleast in comparison to words which are used less frequently andconsidered to be “uncommon”. Accordingly, text which does not match anyof the entries in the word bank may be identified as representing wordswhich correspond to the at least one interfering signal. However, theword back may include a plurality of uncommon words in other approaches.Accordingly, any matches between the text and the word bank may beidentified as representing words which correspond to the at least oneinterfering signal. It should be noted that “common” and “uncommon”words may be determined based on historical use, userpre-specifications, subject area, a type of user integrated device, etc.In addition, pairs, triplets or other sets of words may be evaluated tounderstand how common or uncommon it is for a given pair, triplet, orset of words to be together.

According to an in-use example, which is in no way intended to limit theinvention, the word “dog” is received as a part of a complex audiosignal and is determined as being part of the intended audio signal,e.g., using any of the approaches described herein. Looking to the wordsincluded in the word domain representation of the complex audio signal,“dog” is followed by the words “record” and “walk”. Accordingly, ananalyzation of how often the words “dog” and “record” (e.g., <dog,record>) appear together in voice-based commands which are receivedand/or which appear in a database, as well as how often the words “dog”and “walk” (e.g., <dog, walk>) appear together. Moreover, thisinformation may be used for comparison purposes such that an accuraterepresentation of the intended audio signal (voice-based command) isprocessed. It follows that, according to the present example, “record”may be noise included in the at least one interfering signals, while“walk” corresponds to the intended audio signal, because <dog, record>appears less often compared to <dog, walk>.

Sub-operation 572 further includes identifying the detected text asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal. It follows that the sub-processes included in FIG. 5D maybe able to identify portions of the text which represent words whichcorrespond to the at least one interfering audio signal. As mentionedabove, this identified text may be removed from the complex audio signalreceived, thereby providing a better understanding of the intended audiosignal and improving performance.

Accordingly, returning to FIG. 5A, operation 508 includes discarding thetext identified in operation 506. In other words, the portions of thetext identified in operation 506 as representing words which correspondto the at least one interfering signal are preferably discarded, andthereby removed from the remaining portion of the text. According tosome approaches, the identified text may be discarded by erasing it frommemory, marking the corresponding data as invalid, removing it fromfurther analysis, etc. Decision 510 includes determine whether theremaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is in a predetermined range. Asmentioned above, the intended audio signal may be a voice-based audiocommand which originated from a user. Accordingly, decision 510 includesdetermining whether a remaining portion of the text represents theintended audio signal at a sufficient level of accuracy. For example,decision 510 may determine whether the remaining portion of the textrepresents the intended audio signal at an accuracy of 95% or better. Itshould be noted that “in a predetermined range” is in no way intended tolimit the invention. Rather than determining whether a value is above ina predetermined range, equivalent determinations may be made, e.g., asto whether a value is above a predetermined threshold, whether a valueis outside a predetermined range, whether an absolute value is above athreshold, whether a value is below a threshold, etc., depending on thedesired approach.

The determination made in decision 510 may be made in response tofurther evaluation which is performed on the remaining portion of thetext. According to some approaches, decision 510 may be determined bycomparing the remaining portion of the text to a database of knowncommands having no interference (e.g., noise) and evaluating thesimilarities therebetween. This comparison may thereby provideinformation which represents an accuracy by which the remaining portionof the text conveys the intended audio signal portion of the originallyreceived complex audio signal. In other approaches, a binaryrepresentation of the accuracy by which the remaining portion of thetext conveys the intended audio signal may be implemented. In stillother approaches, an accuracy may be derived from how closely theremaining portion of the text matches a template (e.g., a grammaticaltemplate, command template, etc., as described above).

Method 500 is shown as proceeding to operation 512 in response todetermining that the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy which is in thepredetermined range. In other words, method 500 may proceed to operation512 in response to determining that the remaining portion of the textrepresents the intended audio signal at a sufficient level of accuracy.It follows that method 500 may essentially be permitted to exit arecursive performance loop in response to determining that an editedphrase or command matches the deduced command (e.g., intent) included inthe originally received complex audio signal. There, operation 512includes outputting the remaining portion of the text for actualimplementation.

Once the intended audio signal has been identified from the complexaudio signal which was originally received, action may be taken tosatisfy the voice-based command which may be conveyed in the intendedaudio signal. Thus, the voice-based command may be interpreted andactually implemented. As described above, one or more of the processesincluded in method 500 may be performed by a controller at a processinglocation, e.g., as seen in FIG. 4. Accordingly, operation 512 mayinclude sending one or more commands, data, information, etc. to a userintegrated device from which the complex audio signal was originallyreceived.

In some approaches the remaining portion of the text may be evaluatedas-is. In other words, operation 512 may attempt to interpret theremaining portion of the text in whatever form, order, grammaticalstructure, etc. it may be in. However, in some approaches the remainingportion of the text may be compared to a database of known (e.g.,previously received, understood, supported, etc.) commands. The knowncommand which matches the remaining portion of the text most closely maythereby be selected and output (implemented) for use.

Returning to decision 510, method 500 is depicted as returning tooperation 506 in response to determining that the remaining portion ofthe text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy which is not in the predetermined range. In other words, method500 returns to operation 506 in response to determining that theremaining portion of the text represents the intended audio signal at aninsufficient (e.g., undesirably low) level of accuracy. Accordingly,operation 506 may be repeated in an attempt to identify additionalportions of the remaining text as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal. Moreover, operation 508 mayalso be repeated to remove any identified additional portions of thetext before repeating decision 510. Accordingly, processes 506, 508, 510may be repeated in an iterative fashion until a remaining portion of thetext is represents the intended audio signal at a sufficient level ofaccuracy.

It follows that the various embodiments described above are able toremove background noise from received complex audio signals at a levelof accuracy and efficiency which has not been conventionally achievable.As a result, the accuracy by which user-based commands may ultimately besatisfied is significantly increased. Moreover, these improvements areachieved without introducing any processing delay into the process ofinterpreting received audio signals.

Although various ones of the embodiments described above with respect tomethod 500 involve processing complex audio signals simply by evaluatingthe content of the signals themselves and/or textual representationsthereof, complex audio signals may be processed using other processes inother embodiments. For instance, supplemental information whichcorresponds to the received complex audio signal may be received andused to perform the signal processing. For instance, referring now toFIG. 6A, a flowchart of a method 600 for processing complex audiosignals is shown according to one embodiment. The method 600 may beperformed in accordance with the present invention in any of theenvironments depicted in FIGS. 1-4, among others, in variousembodiments. Of course, more or less operations than those specificallydescribed in FIG. 6A may be included in method 600, as would beunderstood by one of skill in the art upon reading the presentdescriptions.

Each of the steps of the method 600 may be performed by any suitablecomponent of the operating environment. For example, one or more of thevarious processes included in method 600 may be performed by thecontroller 418 of FIG. 4. However, in various other embodiments, themethod 600 may be partially or entirely performed by a controller, aprocessor, a computer, etc., or some other device having one or moreprocessors therein. Thus, in some embodiments, method 600 may be acomputer-implemented method. In such embodiments, the computer used toimplement the method may include the tape drive itself or a portionthereof such as the controller, the tape, an external host, a server,etc. Moreover, the terms computer, processor and controller may be usedinterchangeably with regards to any of the embodiments herein, suchcomponents being considered equivalents in the many various permutationsof the present invention.

Moreover, for those embodiments having a processor, the processor, e.g.,processing circuit(s), chip(s), and/or module(s) implemented in hardwareand/or software, and preferably having at least one hardware componentmay be utilized in any device to perform one or more steps of the method600. Illustrative processors include, but are not limited to, a centralprocessing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc., combinationsthereof, or any other suitable computing device known in the art.

As shown in FIG. 6A, operation 602 of method 600 includes receiving acomplex audio signal which includes an intended audio signal and atleast one interfering audio signal. According to some approaches, thecomplex audio signal may be received from a user integrated device,e.g., such as that illustrated in FIG. 4 above. Accordingly, theintended audio signal may be a voice-based audio command whichoriginated from a user which interacted with (spoken within range of)the user integrated device.

Moreover, operation 604 includes receiving information which correspondsto the at least one interfering audio signal. Although the type ofinformation received may vary depending on the approach, the informationitself may be used to better identify the at least one interfering audiosignal. In other words, the information received may be used to increasethe accuracy and efficiency by which interfering audio signals includedin the complex audio signal may be detected. Accordingly, operation 606includes using the received information to identify portions of thecomplex audio signal as being the at least one interfering audio signal.The manner in which the received information is used in operation 606may also vary depending on the type of information, e.g., as will soonbecome apparent.

As mentioned above, the type of information received in operation 604may vary depending on the approach. However, in preferred approaches thereceived information includes a timestamp which corresponds to theintended audio signal. For instance, the timestamp may identify a timewithin the interfering audio signal that the intended audio signal(e.g., voice-based command) was originated. In other words, although thetimestamp corresponds to the intended audio signal, the timestamp ispreferably relative to the interfering content itself. According to anexample, which is in no way intended to limit the invention, a user maybe watching a movie while issuing a voice-based command. Thus, the audiosignals produced by a speaker which is functioning in unison with avisual output component (e.g., screen) which is displaying the visualportion of the movie may interfere with the voice-based command issuedby the user. The timestamp may thereby represent an offset time whichcorresponds to a portion of the movie which was playing at the time thevoice-based command was issued, e.g., as would be appreciated by oneskilled in the art after reading the present description.

In some situations, audio signals which precede the start of theintended audio signal may be recorded, e.g., in order to avoid clippingor missing a first portion of the intended audio signal. Accordingly,this time stamp may provide valuable information which allows forportions of the complex audio signal which do not correspond with a timethat the intended audio signal was originated to be easily ignored. Inother approaches, the timestamp may identify a time that the intendedaudio signal was terminated (ended). Again, a user integrated device maycontinue to capture audio signals even after the intended audio signalis no longer detected. For instance, the intended audio signal may be avoice-based command, whereby a user integrated device may continue toscan for additional portions of the voice-based command for apredetermined amount of time, even after it is no longer detected. Thismay allow for the user integrated device to avoid misinterpretingpauses, interruptions, speaking volume dips, etc. in the intended audiosignal as an end of the voice-based command. Accordingly, the timestampmay again be used to ignore portions of the complex audio signal whichdo not correspond with a time that the intended audio signal isdetermined to have ended.

The information received in operation 604 may also include known contentwhich corresponds to the at least one interfering audio signal in someapproaches. With respect to the present description, “known content” mayinclude any type of information which is known about the one or moreinterfering audio signals. For instance, the known content may includean actual full copy of the interfering audio signal(s), and/or a livestream of the interfering audio signal(s) in some approaches. Accordingto an example, which is in no way intended to limit the invention,voice-based command may have been collected (e.g., recorded) from a userby a user integrated device which is also exposed to an environment inwhich a show is playing on a television and music is being playedthrough a speaker system. Thus, the information received in operation604 may include an actual full copy (e.g., a downloadable video file) ofthe television show which is playing in the background, as well as alive stream (e.g., a streaming audio file) of the particular song whichis being played through the speaker system, and/or combinations thereof.In other approaches, rather than sending a full and/or partial copy of aparticular song, movie, television show, etc., the information receivedmay simply describe the song, movie, television show, etc., with somedegree of accuracy. For instance, the name, cast, release date, runtime, director, unique identifier (e.g., season and episode number),etc., song, movie, television show, etc. may be received in operation604. As a result, the various other operations included in method 600may be performed while reducing the amount of data that is beingreceived and/or transmitted, thereby increasing system performance byconserving resources without sacrificing efficiency.

It follows that the user integrated device may be connected (e.g., awareof) and communicate with other devices in the surrounding environment,e.g., over a wireless network, a Bluetooth connection, near fieldcommunication, etc., as well as applications, programs, functions, etc.which are running on these other devices. According to an example, whichis in no way intended to limit the invention, content based informationmay be extracted from and/or received from a device which is running oneor more user applications. Once equipped with a copy of the televisionshow and at least a portion of the song which was playing while thevoice-based command was issued, this known information may be used toefficiently and accurately identify the interfering audio signals.Moreover, the interfering audio signals which have been identified maybe removed from the complex audio signal, thereby producing a moreaccurate and clear representation of the voice-based command.

The received information may additionally include an offset whichidentifies a portion of the content which produced the at least oneinterfering audio signal at the time that the voice-based command wasoriginated. In other words, in some approaches the received informationmay include timing based information which may be used to betteridentify which portion of the content likely produced the interferingaudio signal. Returning to the above example, an offset identifyingwhich portion of the full copy (e.g., a downloadable video file) of thetelevision show which was playing in the background during the period oftime that the voice-based command was received. Moreover, another offsetmay identify which portion of the live stream (e.g., a streaming audiofile) of the particular song which was being played through the speakersystem during the period of time that the voice-based command wasreceived. Accordingly, the audio signal which corresponds to theidentified portion of the television show and the audio signal whichcorresponds to the identified portion of the song may be compared to thecomplex audio signal in order to identify portions thereof which arebackground noise and not part of the voice-based command, e.g., as wouldbe appreciated by one skilled in the art after reading the presentdescription.

In other approaches, the information received in operation 604 mayinclude network activity experienced by a network router whichcorresponds to a user which issued the voice-based command included inthe complex audio signal. In other words, the network activityexperienced by a network router which is within range of a location ofthe user. Accordingly, the network activity which was directed through anetwork router, or network compatible devices (e.g., smart televisions,tablets, computers, etc.) during a same or similar time as a timestampassociated with the intended audio signal may be used to identifyportions of the complex audio signal which correspond to the at leastone interfering audio signal. Referring momentarily to FIG. 6B,exemplary sub-processes of using the received information to identifyportions of the complex audio signal as being the at least oneinterfering audio signal are illustrated in accordance with oneembodiment, one or more of which may be used to perform operation 606 ofFIG. 6A above. However, it should be noted that the sub-processes ofFIG. 6B are illustrated in accordance with one embodiment which is in noway intended to limit the invention.

As shown, the flowchart of FIG. 6B includes identifying audio signalsincluded in the network activity. See sub-operation 630. According tosome approaches, the data being transferred in the network activity maybe examined in order to determine whether any audio signals are includedtherein. In other approaches, network addresses (e.g., internetaddresses) being accessed in the network activity may be examined inorder to determine whether any audio signals are produced, or at leastare available, at those addresses. However, any other processes ofidentifying audio signals which are included in network activity whichwould be apparent to one skilled in the art after reading the presentdescription may be implemented.

Referring still to FIG. 6B, sub-operation 632 includes comparing theaudio signals identified in sub-operation 630 with the complex audiosignal. In some approaches, the identified audio signals may be comparedwith the complex audio signal in the audio domain. Thus, an analogand/or a digital representation of the identified audio signals may becompared to an analog and/or a digital representation of the complexaudio signal in an effort to identify similarities (e.g., matches)therebetween. However, in other approaches the audio signals may beconverted into the word domain prior to being compared. In other words,the identified audio signals may be converted into text along with thecomplex audio signal, and the text corresponding to each of the audiosignals may be compared in order to identify similarities (e.g.,matches) therebetween.

It follows that any matches determined between the identified audiosignals and the complex audio signal may correspond to the at least oneinterfering audio signal included in the complex audio signal.Accordingly, sub-operation 634 includes identifying matches between theaudio signals and the complex audio signal as portions of the at leastone interfering audio signal.

In still other approaches, the information received in operation 604 mayinclude audio samples collected from one or more other users at aboutthe time that the voice-based command was originated. Moreover, theseaudio samples are also preferably collected from one or more users whichare actually located at, or at least near, the area (e.g., location)that the user which originated the voice-based command is located. As aresult, the collected audio samples may capture the same or similarportions of environmental (e.g., ambient) noise which may be producingthe at least one interfering audio signal in the complex audio signalwhich was originally received. For example, audio samples may becollected from users which are located at a same venue (e.g., concert,sporting event, play, speech, etc.), a same location (e.g., touristattraction, public park, airport, etc.), etc.

The multiple different audio samples may thereby be compared againsteach other and/or the complex audio signal in order to identifysimilarities therebetween. Any such similarities may be interpreted asbeing the at least one interfering audio signal, thereby providingvaluable information which may be used to perform signal processing andbetter identify the intended audio signal. It should also be noted thatusers which are located in or near the location that the user whichoriginated the voice-based command is located may be identified usingany processes which would be apparent to one skilled in the art afterreading the present description. For instance, location informationreceived from various user integrated devices may be analyzed in orderto determine relative distances between users.

As mentioned above, the collected audio samples may be used to identifyportions of the complex audio signal which correspond to the at leastone interfering audio signal. Referring momentarily to FIG. 6C,exemplary sub-processes of using the collected audio samples to identifyportions of the complex audio signal as being the at least oneinterfering audio signal are illustrated in accordance with oneembodiment, one or more of which may be used to perform operation 606 ofFIG. 6A above. However, it should be noted that the sub-processes ofFIG. 6C are illustrated in accordance with one embodiment which is in noway intended to limit the invention.

As shown, the flowchart of FIG. 6C includes comparing the audio sampleswith the complex audio signal. See sub-operation 640. In someapproaches, the audio samples may be compared with the complex audiosignal in the audio domain. Thus, an analog and/or a digitalrepresentation of the audio samples may be compared to an analog and/ora digital representation of the complex audio signal in an effort toidentify similarities (e.g., matches) therebetween. However, in otherapproaches the audio samples may be converted into the word domain priorto being compared. In other words, the audio samples may be convertedinto text along with the complex audio signal, and the textcorresponding to each of the audio samples may be compared with eachother and/or the text corresponding to the complex audio signal in orderto identify similarities (e.g., matches) therebetween.

It follows that any matches determined between the audio samples and thecomplex audio signal may correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal included in the complex audio signal. Accordingly,sub-operation 642 includes identifying matches between the audio samplesand the complex audio signal as portions of the at least one interferingaudio signal. Depending on the approach, the matches which areidentified may correspond to common and/or equivalent background voices,similar audio noise detected amongst co-timed commands, etc.

In yet other approaches, the information received in operation 604 mayinclude a second complex audio signal which includes the intended audiosignal and at least a second interfering audio signal. According to anexample, which is in no way intended to limit the invention, voice-basedcommands may be received from a number of different users over time. Itfollows that at least some of the voice-based commands may be combined(e.g., recorded) with the same or similar background noise whichproduces the same or similar interfering audio signals. This may beparticularly true in situations where a certain user submits the samevoice-based command two or more times in relatively quick succession.Thus, similarities in the interfering signals and/or similarities in thevoice-based command may be identified by comparing more than one complexaudio signal to each other.

Referring momentarily now to FIG. 6D, exemplary sub-processes of usingthe second complex audio signal to identify portions of the complexaudio signal as being the at least one interfering audio signal areillustrated in accordance with one embodiment, one or more of which maybe used to perform operation 606 of FIG. 6A above. However, it should benoted that the sub-processes of FIG. 6D are illustrated in accordancewith one embodiment which is in no way intended to limit the invention.

As shown, the flowchart of FIG. 6D includes comparing the complex audiosignal with the second complex audio signal. See sub-operation 650. Asmentioned above, audio signal comparisons may be performed in the audiodomain and/or the word domain. Thus, an analog and/or a digitalrepresentation of the second complex audio signal may be compared to ananalog and/or a digital representation of the complex audio signal in aneffort to identify similarities (e.g., matches) therebetween. Yet inother approaches the complex audio signal and the second complex audiosignal may be converted into the word domain prior to being compared. Inother words, the complex audio signal and the second complex audiosignal may both be converted into text, and the text corresponding tothe complex audio signal may be compared with the text corresponding tothe second complex audio signal in order to identify similarities (e.g.,matches) therebetween.

As previously mentioned, a certain user may submit the same voice-basedcommand two or more times in relatively quick succession. Accordingly,similarities in the interfering signals and/or similarities in thevoice-based command may be identified by comparing the complex audiosignals to each other. Looking to sub-operation 652, FIG. 6D includesidentifying matches between the complex audio signal and the secondcomplex audio signal as portions of the intended audio signal. Onceportions of the intended audio signal have been identified from thecomplex audio signal, the remaining portions of the complex audio signalmay be identified as being portions or the at least one interferingaudio signal. Accordingly, sub-operation 654 includes identifying theremaining portions of the complex audio signal and the second complexaudio signal which do not match as portions of the at least oneinterfering audio signal. Sub-operations 652 and 654 may be performedusing any signal processing techniques which would be apparent to oneskilled in the art after reading the present description. For instance,the identified portions of the intended audio signal may be used tofilter out the at least one interfering audio signal from the complexaudio signal in the audio domain and/or the word domain.

Looking now to FIG. 6E, exemplary sub-processes of using the receivedinformation to identify portions of the complex audio signal as beingthe at least one interfering audio signal are illustrated in accordancewith another embodiment, one or more of which may be used to performoperation 606 of FIG. 6A above. However, it should be noted that thesub-processes of FIG. 6E are illustrated in accordance with oneembodiment which is in no way intended to limit the invention.

As shown, the flowchart of FIG. 6E includes converting the complex audiosignal into a plurality of fingerprints. See sub-operation 660. Each ofthese fingerprints may provide a condensed digital summary of an audiosample which corresponds to a certain portion of the complex audiosignal. Moreover, each of these acoustic fingerprints may represent aportion of only one of the audio signals included in the complex audiosignal. It follows that these acoustic fingerprints may be used toidentify a given audio sample and/or efficiently locate a similar audiosample which may be stored in an audio database.

These acoustic fingerprints may be formed using a fingerprint algorithmwhich is able to convert the complex audio signal into the acousticfingerprints. According to some approaches, the acoustic fingerprintalgorithm may be robust enough to take into account the perceptualcharacteristics of the audio signals from which the fingerprints arebeing formed. For instance, if two audio signals or files sound alike toa user, the acoustic fingerprints corresponding to each or the audiosignals preferably match, even if their binary representations aresomewhat different. However, the plurality of fingerprints may be formedusing any processes which would be apparent to one skilled in the artafter reading the present description.

As mentioned above, the acoustic fingerprints may be used to identify agiven audio sample and/or efficiently locate a similar audio samplewhich may be stored in an audio database. However, audio databases mayinclude a vast number of fingerprints in some approaches. Accordingly,it may be desirable to reduce the size of the database which thefingerprints are compared against in the interest of reducing processingdelays, raising productivity, increasing efficiency, etc. Sub-operation662 includes using the information received in operation 604 to reducethe size of a fingerprint database which the plurality of acousticfingerprints are compared against.

Depending on the type of information that was received, the size of thedatabase may be reduced based on contextual information (e.g., location,activity, etc.) corresponding to a user which issued at least a portionof the complex audio signal, content preferences (e.g., previouslyregistered actions), active queues, applications which are installedand/or currently running on a device which issued at least a portion ofthe complex audio signal, etc. It follows that sub-operation 662 ispreferably performed prior to actually comparing the fingerprints to thedatabase, but in some approaches sub-operation 662 may not be performedprior to performing the comparison, or even not at all. Therefore,sub-operation 662 may be optional in some approaches.

Referring still to FIG. 6E, sub-operation 664 includes comparing theplurality of fingerprints to the database of fingerprints whichrepresent known audio signals. As mentioned above, in some approachesthe size of the database which the plurality of fingerprints arecompared to may be reduced. Accordingly, the plurality of fingerprintsmay only be compared to an amount of the database which corresponds tothe size determined in sub-operation 662. Moreover, any desiredprocesses may be implemented to perform the comparison in sub-operation664. For instance, in some approaches each of the plurality offingerprints may be compared to each of the entries in the databaseuntil either a match is identified, or the database entries have beenexhausted. In other approaches, each of the plurality of fingerprintsmay be compared to a lookup table which represents at least a portion ofeach of the entries in the database. In still other approaches, each ofthe plurality of fingerprints may be compared to each of the entries inthe database until either a match is identified, or the database entrieshave been exhausted, whereby any reductions in the size of thefingerprint database may be removed, and the plurality of fingerprintsmay be compared to the entries which were previously excluded fromconsideration.

Sub-operation 666 also includes using matches between the plurality offingerprints and the database of fingerprints to determine whether therespective portions of the complex audio signal correspond to theinterfering audio signal. According to some approaches, thisdetermination may be made by performing more detailed analysis of theportions of the complex audio signal. For instance, the portions of thecomplex audio signal which correspond to the matched fingerprints may becompared to grammatical templates, exposed to heuristic algorithms,compared with common words and/or phrases, etc., or any one of thevarious approaches described herein. Moreover, this additional analysismay be performed in the audio domain and/or the word domain, e.g.,depending on the desired approach. Moreover, sub-operation 668 includesidentifying the respective portions of the complex audio signal ascorresponding to the interfering audio signal in response to determiningthat they do correspond to the interfering audio signal.

Accordingly, the flowchart included in FIG. 6E may be able to identifyinterfering audio content using a fingerprinting mechanism and/or byguiding a fingerprinting mechanism using information which correspondsto the user and/or device which produced the interfering content.Moreover, contextual information may be sent with audio signals toinfluence performance of the fingerprinting mechanism in order to reducethe search space and significantly reduce processing times. According toan in-use example, which is in no way intended to limit the invention, auser may be riding in an automobile which has the radio playing at thesame time that the user issues a voice-based command to a userintegrated device. Thus, the voice-based command may be received at theuser integrated device along with interfering audio signals produced bythe speaker system of the automobile. Based on this contextualinformation, the user integrated device may first search databases whichcorrespond to songs and/or podcasts, rather than databases whichcorrespond to TV shows and/or movies. In other words, the userintegrated device may be able to determine, based on receivedinformation, that it is more likely that the interfering audio signalscorrespond to a song and/or podcast than a TV show and/or movie. Thisdetermination may also be incorporated in the process of fingerprintingthe interfering data. Other contextual information, e.g., such asapplications which are currently running on the user integrated deviceand/or which are currently using the speaker system of the automobile.Moreover, SoundHound, Shazam, or any other audio fingerprinting relatedprocesses may be used to identify which song the interfering audiosignal corresponds to, e.g., by creating and/or comparing fingerprintsof the received interfering audio signal against a database of knownsongs.

Returning now to FIG. 6A, operation 608 includes removing the portionsof the complex audio signal identified in operation 606 from the complexaudio signal. In other words, operation 608 includes removing theidentified portions of the one or more interfering audio signals fromthe complex audio signal. Any desired processing procedures may beimplemented in order to perform operation 608. For instance, in someapproaches the identified portions of the complex audio signal may beremoved from the complex audio signal in the audio domain by applying anadaptive filter which actively removes the identified portions. In otherapproaches the identified portions of the complex audio signal may beremoved from the complex audio signal in the word domain by applying alogical operation (e.g., such as XOR) to text which represents thevarious words included in the complex audio signal. The logicaloperation may thereby simply discard the text which corresponds to theidentified portions of the interfering signals. However, theseapproaches are in no way intended to limit the invention, but ratherhave been presented by way of example.

Furthermore, operation 610 includes outputting a remaining portion ofthe complex audio signal for actual implementation. In preferredapproaches, the foregoing processes of method 600 are able to filter theoriginally received complex audio signal such that at least a majorityof the interfering audio signals are removed, and the remaining portionof the complex audio signal includes the intended audio signal. In anideal situation, each portion of the one or more interfering signals areremoved from the complex audio signal, thereby producing only theintended audio signal. However, in some approaches, portions of the oneor more interfering audio signals may also be included in the remainingportion of the originally received complex audio signal output inoperation 610.

Although some of the one or more interfering audio signals may remain inthe remaining portion of the complex audio signal output in operation610, they may not have a negative effect on an ability to interpret theintended audio signal. Accordingly, a determination may be made in someapproaches as to whether the remaining portion of the complex audiosignal conveys the intended audio signal at an accuracy that is in apredetermined range. As mentioned above, the intended audio signal maybe a voice-based audio command which originated from a user. Thus, thisdetermination may include deciding whether a remaining portion of thecomplex audio signal represents the intended audio signal at asufficient level of accuracy, e.g., according to any of the approachesdescribed above. Various ones of the operations included in method 600may also be repeated in response to determining that the remainingportion of the complex audio signal represents the intended audio signalat a sufficient level of accuracy.

As previously mentioned, the remaining portion of the complex audiosignal is preferably output in operation 610 for actual implementation.In other words, the operations in method 600 may be implemented toderive an accurate and practicable representation of the intended audiosignal. Thus, once the intended audio signal has been identified withsufficient accuracy, it may be submitted to a processor, sent to acontrol module, transmitted to one or more other components, etc., forimplementation. Again, the intended audio signal may include avoice-based command. It follows that operation 610 may includeoutputting the remaining portion of the complex audio signal such thatthe voice-based command may actually be performed.

As reiterated above, various ones of the operations and sub-operationscorresponding to method 600 may be performed in the audio domain and/orthe word domain. Thus, although various ones of the approaches above aredescribed in the context of the audio domain, it should be noted thatthe same or similar results may be achieved as a result of convertingthe audio signals into text. For instance, looking to FIG. 7, a method700 for processing complex audio signals using the word domain is shownaccording to one embodiment. It should be noted that various ones of theoperations included in method 700 have a number of similarities withoperations included in methods 500 and 600 above. Accordingly, any ofthe approaches described above with reference to FIGS. 5A-6E may beimplemented in accordance with method 700, e.g., as would be appreciatedby one skilled in the art after reading the present description.

The method 700 may be performed in accordance with the present inventionin any of the environments depicted in FIGS. 1-4, among others, invarious embodiments. Of course, more or less operations than thosespecifically described in FIG. 7 may be included in method 700, as wouldbe understood by one of skill in the art upon reading the presentdescriptions.

Each of the steps of the method 700 may be performed by any suitablecomponent of the operating environment. For example, one or more of thevarious processes included in method 700 may be performed by thecontroller 418 of FIG. 4. However, in various other embodiments, themethod 700 may be partially or entirely performed by a controller, aprocessor, a computer, etc., or some other device having one or moreprocessors therein. Thus, in some embodiments, method 700 may be acomputer-implemented method. In such embodiments, the computer used toimplement the method may include the tape drive itself or a portionthereof such as the controller, the tape, an external host, a server,etc. Moreover, the terms computer, processor and controller may be usedinterchangeably with regards to any of the embodiments herein, suchcomponents being considered equivalents in the many various permutationsof the present invention.

Moreover, for those embodiments having a processor, the processor, e.g.,processing circuit(s), chip(s), and/or module(s) implemented in hardwareand/or software, and preferably having at least one hardware componentmay be utilized in any device to perform one or more steps of the method700. Illustrative processors include, but are not limited to, a centralprocessing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc., combinationsthereof, or any other suitable computing device known in the art.

As shown in FIG. 7, operation 702 of method 700 includes receiving acomplex audio signal. As mentioned above, the complex audio signal mayinclude an intended audio signal and at least one interfering audiosignal. Moreover, the complex audio signal may be received from a userintegrated device, and in some approaches. The intended audio signal maythereby be a voice-based command originating from a user in someapproaches.

Operation 704 includes converting the complex audio signal into textwhich represents a plurality of words included in the complex audiosignal. In other words, operation 704 includes converting the complexaudio signal from the audio domain into the word domain such that thecomplex audio signal is represented as text, or equivalent forms ofinformation, e.g., such as logical “1s” and “0s”. This conversion may beperformed using any of the approaches described herein and/or spokenlanguage parsing techniques known in the art.

Referring still to FIG. 7, operation 706 includes receiving informationwhich corresponds to the at least one interfering audio signal. Again,although the type of information received may vary depending on theapproach, the information itself may be used to better identify the atleast one interfering audio signal. In other words, the informationreceived may be used to increase the accuracy and efficiency by whichinterfering audio signals included in the complex audio signal may bedetected. Moreover, this identification of the interfering audio signalsmay be performed in the word domain.

Looking to operation 708, the received information is used to identifyat least some of the text as representing words which correspond to theat least one interfering audio signal, while operation 710 includesdiscarding the identified text. Furthermore, operation 712 includesoutputting a remaining portion of the text, e.g., for actualimplementation of the intended audio signal. The process of outputtingthe remaining portion of the text and/or the actual implementation ofthe intended audio signal (e.g., voice-based command) may include any ofthe approaches described above.

It follows that various ones of the embodiments included herein are ableto remove background noise from received complex audio signals at alevel of accuracy and efficiency which has not been conventionallyachievable. As a result, the accuracy by which user-based commands mayultimately be satisfied is significantly increased. Moreover, theseimprovements are achieved without introducing any processing delay intothe process of interpreting received audio signals.

These achievements may also be implemented in a number of differentcontextual settings (e.g., system architectures), thereby increasing thebreadth over which the improvements are experienced. For instance, someof the embodiments included herein may be implemented in a cloud-basedsystem which is able to provide improved performance to a plurality ofusers in a plurality of different locations.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a LAN or a WAN, or the connection may be madeto an external computer (for example, through the Internet using anInternet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitryincluding, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmablegate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute thecomputer readable program instructions by utilizing state information ofthe computer readable program instructions to personalize the electroniccircuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

Moreover, a system according to various embodiments may include aprocessor and logic integrated with and/or executable by the processor,the logic being configured to perform one or more of the process stepsrecited herein. The processor may be of any configuration as describedherein, such as a discrete processor or a processing circuit thatincludes many components such as processing hardware, memory, I/Ointerfaces, etc. By integrated with, what is meant is that the processorhas logic embedded therewith as hardware logic, such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a FPGA, etc. By executable by theprocessor, what is meant is that the logic is hardware logic; softwarelogic such as firmware, part of an operating system, part of anapplication program; etc., or some combination of hardware and softwarelogic that is accessible by the processor and configured to cause theprocessor to perform some functionality upon execution by the processor.Software logic may be stored on local and/or remote memory of any memorytype, as known in the art. Any processor known in the art may be used,such as a software processor module and/or a hardware processor such asan ASIC, a FPGA, a central processing unit (CPU), an integrated circuit(IC), a graphics processing unit (GPU), etc.

It will be clear that the various features of the foregoing systemsand/or methodologies may be combined in any way, creating a plurality ofcombinations from the descriptions presented above.

It will be further appreciated that embodiments of the present inventionmay be provided in the form of a service deployed on behalf of acustomer to offer service on demand.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example only, and notlimitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of a preferred embodiment shouldnot be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, butshould be defined only in accordance with the following claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:receiving a complex audio signal, wherein the complex audio signalincludes an intended audio signal and at least one interfering audiosignal, wherein the intended audio signal is a voice-based commandoriginating from a user; converting the complex audio signal into textwhich represents a plurality of words included in the complex audiosignal; identifying at least some of the text as representing wordswhich correspond to the at least one interfering audio signal;discarding the identified text; evaluating a remaining portion of thetext to determine whether the remaining portion of the text representswords which convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in apredetermined range; and outputting the remaining portion of the text inresponse to determining that the remaining portion of the textrepresents words which convey the voice-based command at an accuracythat is in the predetermined range.
 2. The computer-implemented methodof claim 1, comprising: identifying at least some of the text in theremaining portion of the text as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal in response to determiningthat the remaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is not in the predeterminedrange; discarding the identified text from the remaining portion of thetext; evaluating an updated remaining portion of the text to determinewhether the updated remaining portion of the text represents words whichconvey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in thepredetermined range; and outputting the updated remaining portion of thetext in response to determining that the updated remaining portion ofthe text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in the predetermined range.
 3. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, wherein identifying at least some of the text asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal includes: applying one or more natural language processingtechniques to the text.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3,wherein applying one or more natural language processing techniques tothe text includes: comparing the text to known voice-based commands;detecting matches between portions of the text and the known voice-basedcommands; and identifying the remaining text which does not match any ofthe known voice-based commands as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal.
 5. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 4, wherein comparing the text to known voice-basedcommands includes: applying a clustering algorithm to the text.
 6. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein applying one or morenatural language processing techniques to the text includes: comparingthe text to a grammatical template; detecting portions of the text whichcomply with the grammatical template; and identifying the remaining textwhich does not comply with the grammatical template as representingwords which correspond to the at least one interfering audio signal. 7.The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein applying one or morenatural language processing techniques to the text includes: applyingheuristic algorithms to detect text which represents uncommon words; andidentifying the detected text as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal.
 8. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, wherein outputting the remaining portion of the textincludes: selecting a known command which matches the remaining portionof the text most closely; and outputting the known command.
 9. Acomputer program product comprising a computer readable storage mediumhaving program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computerreadable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the programinstructions readable and/or executable by a processor to cause theprocessor to perform a method comprising: receiving, by the processor, acomplex audio signal, wherein the complex audio signal includes anintended audio signal and at least one interfering audio signal, whereinthe intended audio signal is a voice-based command originating from auser; converting, by the processor, the complex audio signal into textwhich represents a plurality of words included in the complex audiosignal; identifying, by the processor, at least some of the text asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal; discarding, by the processor, the identified text;evaluating, by the processor, a remaining portion of the text todetermine whether the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in apredetermined range; and outputting, by the processor, the remainingportion of the text in response to determining that the remainingportion of the text represents words which convey the voice-basedcommand at an accuracy that is in the predetermined range.
 10. Thecomputer program product of claim 9, the program instructions readableand/or executable by the processor to cause the processor to perform themethod comprising: identifying, by the processor, at least some of thetext in the remaining portion of the text as representing words whichcorrespond to the at least one interfering audio signal in response todetermining that the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is not in thepredetermined range; discarding, by the processor, the identified textfrom the remaining portion of the text; evaluating, by the processor, anupdated remaining portion of the text to determine whether the updatedremaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is in the predetermined range;and outputting, by the processor, the updated remaining portion of thetext in response to determining that the updated remaining portion ofthe text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in the predetermined range.
 11. The computer programproduct of claim 9, wherein identifying at least some of the text asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal includes: applying one or more natural language processingtechniques to the text.
 12. The computer program product of claim 11,wherein applying one or more natural language processing techniques tothe text includes: comparing the text to known voice-based commands;detecting matches between portions of the text and the known voice-basedcommands; and identifying the remaining text which does not match any ofthe known voice-based commands as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal.
 13. The computer programproduct of claim 12, wherein comparing the text to known voice-basedcommands includes: applying a clustering algorithm to the text.
 14. Thecomputer program product of claim 11, wherein applying one or morenatural language processing techniques to the text includes: comparingthe text to a grammatical template; detecting portions of the text whichcomply with the grammatical template; and identifying the remaining textwhich does not comply with the grammatical template as representingwords which correspond to the at least one interfering audio signal. 15.The computer program product of claim 11, wherein applying one or morenatural language processing techniques to the text includes: applyingheuristic algorithms to detect text which represents uncommon words; andidentifying the detected text as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal.
 16. The computer programproduct of claim 9, wherein outputting the remaining portion of the textincludes: selecting a known command which matches the remaining portionof the text most closely; and outputting the known command.
 17. Asystem, comprising: a processor; and logic integrated with theprocessor, executable by the processor, or integrated with andexecutable by the processor, the logic being configured to: receive, bythe processor, a complex audio signal, wherein the complex audio signalincludes an intended audio signal and at least one interfering audiosignal, wherein the intended audio signal is a voice-based commandoriginating from a user; convert, by the processor, the complex audiosignal into text which represents a plurality of words included in thecomplex audio signal; identify, by the processor, at least some of thetext as representing words which correspond to the at least oneinterfering audio signal; discard, by the processor, the identifiedtext; evaluate, by the processor, a remaining portion of the text todetermine whether the remaining portion of the text represents wordswhich convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in apredetermined range; and output, by the processor, the remaining portionof the text in response to determining that the remaining portion of thetext represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in the predetermined range, wherein outputting theremaining portion of the text includes: selecting a known command whichmatches the remaining portion of the text most closely, and outputtingthe known command.
 18. The system of claim 17, the logic beingconfigured to: identify, by the processor, at least some of the text inthe remaining portion of the text as representing words which correspondto the at least one interfering audio signal in response to determiningthat the remaining portion of the text represents words which convey thevoice-based command at an accuracy that is not in the predeterminedrange; discard, by the processor, the identified text from the remainingportion of the text; evaluate, by the processor, an updated remainingportion of the text to determine whether the updated remaining portionof the text represents words which convey the voice-based command at anaccuracy that is in the predetermined range; and output, by theprocessor, the updated remaining portion of the text in response todetermining that the updated remaining portion of the text representswords which convey the voice-based command at an accuracy that is in thepredetermined range.
 19. The system of claim 17, wherein identifying atleast some of the text as representing words which correspond to the atleast one interfering audio signal includes: comparing the text to knownvoice-based commands by applying a clustering algorithm to the text;detecting matches between portions of the text and the known voice-basedcommands; and identifying the remaining text which does not match any ofthe known voice-based commands as representing words which correspond tothe at least one interfering audio signal.
 20. The system of claim 17,wherein identifying at least some of the text as representing wordswhich correspond to the at least one interfering audio signal includes:comparing the text to a grammatical template; detecting portions of thetext which comply with the grammatical template; and identifying theremaining text which does not comply with the grammatical template asrepresenting words which correspond to the at least one interferingaudio signal.